70th Annual
Academy Awards of Merit
FOR ACHIEVEMENTS DURING 1997

VOTING RULES

One

THE AWARDS YEAR

1. Academy Awards of Merit shall be bestowed for achievements in connection with feature-length motion pictures (defined as motion pictures over 40 minutes in running time) first publicly exhibited by means of 35mm or 70mm film for paid admission (previews excluded) in a commercial motion picture theater in Los Angeles County between January 1, 1997 and midnight of December 31, 1997, such exhibition being for a run of at least seven consecutive days after an opening prior to midnight of December 31st, following normal exploitation and advertising utilized by the producer for his or her other pictures within the dates specified. Pictures publicly exhibited elsewhere prior to their exhibition in Los Angeles County shall not be eligible unless such exhibition has occurred after January 1, 1995 in a commercial motion picture theater (previews and film festivals excluded).
2. The rules for the Documentary Awards (Rule Twelve), Foreign Language Film Award (Rule Fourteen) and Short Films Awards (Rule Nineteen) provide methods of qualifying in those categories that exist as alternatives to the seven-day Los Angeles County commercial run requirement specified above. These categories also define the qualifying year differently than above. The rules for the Documentary Awards and Short Films Awards also allow 16mm exhibition. Additional requirements for the Music Awards are contained in Rule Sixteen.
3. Films which receive their first public exhibition on broadcast or cable television are not eligible for Academy Awards in any category. Television exhibition does not disqualify a film, provided such exhibition occurs after its Los Angeles theatrical release, or after its festival exhibition in those categories which permit such exhibition as a means of qualifying.

Two

THE ANNUAL AWARDS

1. “Every award shall be conditioned upon the delivery to the Academy of one print of every film nominated for final balloting for all Academy Awards, and such print shall become the property of the Academy, with the proviso, however, that the Academy shall not use such print for commercial gain. Such print shall be deposited with the Academy and, subject to matters not within its control, shall be screened by the Academy for the membership in advance of distribution of final ballots.” (Academy Bylaws, Article VIII, Section 6.)
2. Awards of Merit in the form of gold statuettes shall be conferred for the following achievements:

ACTING:	Performance by an actor in a leading role. Performance by an actor in a supporting role. Performance by an actress in a leading role. Performance by an actress in a supporting role.
ART DIRECTION:	Achievement in art direction. (The Academy Statuette shall be given also for the set decoration on the picture that wins the Art Direction Award.)
CINEMATOGRAPHY:	Achievement in cinematography.
COSTUME DESIGN:	Achievement in costume design.
DIRECTING:	Achievement in directing.
DOCUMENTARY:	For each of two classifications: (a) Best documentary feature. (b) Best documentary short subject.
FILM EDITING:	Achievement in film editing.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE FILM:	Best foreign language film of the year.
MAKEUP:	Achievement in makeup.*
MUSIC:	For achievements in music in connection with motion pictures: (a) Original dramatic score. (b) Original musical or comedy score. (c) Original song.
BEST PICTURE:	Best motion picture of the year.
SHORT FILMS:	For each of two classifications: (a) Best animated short film. (b) Best live-action short film.
SOUND:	Achievement in sound.
SOUND EFFECTS EDITING:	Achievement in sound effects editing.*
VISUAL EFFECTS:	Achievement in visual effects.
WRITING:	For each of two classifications: (a) Screenplay based on material previously produced or published. (b) Screenplay written directly for the screen.

* In the event that there are fewer than two nominations, a Special Achievement Award may be voted by the Board of Governors.

Three

OTHER AWARDS

(Not necessarily given each year)

1. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS: for a device, method, formula, discovery or invention of special and outstanding value to the arts and sciences of motion pictures and actually employed in the motion picture industry during the awards year. The Academy Award of Merit (Academy Statuette) shall be conferred for basic achievements which have a definite influence upon the advancement of the industry; the Scientific and Engineering Award (Academy Plaque) for those achievements which exhibit a high level of engineering and are important to the progress of the industry; the Technical Achievement Award (Academy Certificate) for those accomplishments which contribute to the progress of the industry. (See Rule Eighteen.)
2. SPECIAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD (Statuette): shall be given at such times as in the judgment of the Board of Governors there is an achievement which makes an exceptional contribution to the motion picture for which it was created, but for which there is no annual award category. Such awards shall only be conferred, however, for achievements in productions which also qualify under Rule One.
3. IRVING G. THALBERG MEMORIAL AWARD (Thalberg Head): shall be given at such times as in the judgment of the Board of Governors there is a deserving recipient, but not necessarily each year. It shall be given to a creative producer whose body of work reflects a consistently high quality of motion picture production. (See Rule Twenty-four.)
4. JEAN HERSHOLT HUMANITARIAN AWARD (Statuette): shall be given at such times as in the judgment of the Board of Governors there is a deserving recipient, but not necessarily each year. It shall be given to an individual in the motion picture industry whose humanitarian efforts have brought credit to the industry. (See Rule Twenty-five.)
5. GORDON E. SAWYER AWARD (Statuette): shall be given at such times as in the judgment of the Board of Governors there is a deserving recipient, but not necessarily each year. It shall be given to an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry. (See Rule Twenty-six.)

Four

HONORARY AWARDS

1. Honorary Awards shall be conferred for outstanding achievements not strictly within the categories listed in Rules Two and Three. However, these awards shall be given only for exceptional distinction in the making of motion pictures or for outstanding service to the Academy.
2. Achievements voted Honorary Awards may be in connection with foreign as well as domestic productions and are not limited to the awards year.
3. Nominations for Honorary Awards shall be made at a special meeting of the Board of Governors. Generally, not more than one Honorary Award shall be voted in a given year. However, in the event that a second Honorary Award is proposed, a two-thirds vote of the Governors present shall be required for approval.
4. No proxies shall be permitted in balloting for Honorary Awards.
5. Honorary Awards shall not be voted posthumously.
6. No member of the Board of Governors shall be eligible to receive an Honorary Award while serving as a member of the Board.

Five

GENERAL RULES

1. Balloting on all achievements shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.
2. The established gold statuette trophy of the Academy (Oscar) shall be conferred for all achievements listed in Rule Two, for the Scientific and Technical Academy Award of Merit, for Special Achievement Awards, for the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and for the Gordon E. Sawyer Award. The Academy Plaque shall be given for Scientific and Engineering Awards. The Thalberg Head shall be given for the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. Trophies to be given for all Honorary Awards shall be determined by the Board of Governors.
3. Voting for nominations and awards shall be by secret ballot. Printed forms and ballots shall be supplied by the Academy and shall be returned unsigned. Ballots shall be opened and counted by a firm of certified public accountants designated by the Academy President.
4. An achievement submitted for Academy Award consideration may not be withdrawn after January 31, 1998.
5. Awards shall be conferred at an Awards Presentation ceremony.
6. In the event that an achievement voted an award was done in collaboration, each of the collaborators shall receive an award trophy. In the event of a tie for first place in the final balloting, awards shall be given for both achievements.
7. In the nominations voting, the marking and tabulation of all ballots shall be according to the preferential or weighted average system. Tabulation of final ballots shall be according to the plurality system. No “write-in” votes shall be counted on the nominations ballots or the final ballots.
8. Subject to special rules approved by the Board of Governors, eligibility for consideration for Academy Awards shall be limited to motion pictures which have met the requirements of Rule One and for which the following information has been received by the Academy on Official Screen Credits forms obtained from the Academy and Signed by the producer or distributor, unless such limitations are waived by the Academy:
   1. full, complete and authentic credits,
   2. the name of the Los Angeles County theater in which the film has played,
   3. the dates of the Los Angeles run.

   All eligible films will be listed in the Academy’s annual “Reminder List of Eligible Releases.” Votes for achievements in pictures not in the Reminder List will not be counted in the nominations balloting.

9. Official Screen Credits forms may be returned to the Academy prior to the qualifying Los Angeles release, but not later than sixty days after such opening. However, all Official Screen Credits forms must be returned to the Academy by December 1, 1997.
10. The Board of Governors shall provide for such meetings or special showings as may be desirable to insure a full and fair consideration of the merits of all eligible achievements.
11. In submitting a film for Academy Award consideration, the film’s owners are deemed to have conveyed to the Academy the right to choose excerpts from the film in the Academy’s sole discretion after consultation for incorporation into the Academy Awards telecast for the year in which the film is in competition.
12. Motion pictures from all countries shall be eligible for consideration for the awards listed under Rule Two if the requirements of Rules One, Two, Five and Six are met, but foreign language films must have English subtitles.
13. Exceptions to Rule Five, Paragraph 12, appear in Special Rules for the Documentary Awards (see Rule Twelve), the Foreign Language Film Award (see Rule Fourteen) and the Music Awards (see Rule Sixteen).
14. The alteration of an achievement by changing a picture from the version shown in Los Angeles County, upon which eligibility is based, shall subject such achievement to the risk of being declared ineligible by the Board of Governors.

Six

GENERAL RULES FOR NOMINATIONS VOTING

1. Each branch or other designated committee shall be permitted to formulate its own special rules, provided the final ballot presents not more than five achievements and that nominations and final voting in each category are restricted to active and life Academy members. All rules shall be presented to the Board of Governors for approval before implementation.
2. Eligibility for all awards shall first be determined by credits as they appear on the screen and/or as certified to the Academy by the producing companies, but final determination in any event shall be made by the Academy.
3. The Academy shall prepare reminder lists of all eligible pictures, but be fore distributing them to voters, releasing companies may be required to check the galleys for their productions as they will appear in the “Reminder List of Eligible Releases” and assume full responsibility for errors and omissions. The reminder lists from which nominations are voted shall refer only to the motion picture in which the achievement was made and not to any individual responsible, except in the case of nominations for acting which name both the individual and the one picture wherein the achievement occurred.
4. Not more than five nominations shall be made for each award. In all cases nominations shall be announced and placed on the final ballot in alphabetical order.
5. In the event of any dispute concerning credits, the Academy reserves the right to declare any achievement ineligible or, alternatively, to reject all claims to credit, list credits as being in controversy and withhold any award until the dispute is resolved.
6. In the event a nominated achievement is declared ineligible by the Academy, it shall not be replaced and the category will remain with one less nomination.

Seven

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE ACTING AWARDS

1. Reminder lists including the casts of all eligible pictures shall be sent with nominations ballots to all active members of the Academy Actors Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five acting achievements in each category: Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role, Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role.
2. The five acting achievements in each category receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Acting Awards.
3. A performance by an actor or actress in any role shall be eligible for nomination either for the Best Performance in a Leading Role or for the Best Performance in a Supporting Role. If, however, all the dialogue has been dubbed by another actor, the performance shall not be eligible for award consideration. Singing which is dubbed will not affect the performer’s eligibility unless it constitutes the entire performance. The determination as to whether a role is a lead or support shall be made individually by members of the branch at the time of balloting.
4. The leading role and supporting role categories will be tabulated simultaneously. If any performance should receive votes in both categories, the achievement shall only be placed on the ballot in that category in which, during the tabulation process, it first receives the required number of votes to be nominated. In the event that the performance receives the number of votes required to be nominated in both categories simultaneously, the achievement shall only be placed on the ballot in that category in which it receives the greater percentage of the total votes.
5. In the event that two achievements by an actor or actress receive sufficient votes to be nominated in the same category, only one shall be nominated using the preferential tabulation process and such other allied procedures as may be necessary to achieve that result.
6. In the event that an actor or actress receives a sufficient number of votes to be nominated for one achievement in one category and for another achievement in the other category, both achievements shall be eligible.
7. Final voting for the Acting Awards shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Eight

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE ART DIRECTION AWARD

1. A reminder list of all eligible pictures shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all members of the Academy Art Directors Branch, except costume designers, who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions.
2. The five productions receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Art Direction Award.
3. Prior to the mailing of nominations ballots, a meeting of the Academy Art Directors Branch shall be held to pass on the eligibility of all productions for award consideration. Eligibility for this award shall be limited to the production designer and set decorator primarily responsible for the design of the production and the execution of that concept, as verified by the producer. An art director may only be considered eligible for this award when there is no production designer credited.
4. Final voting for the Art Direction Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

5. Recognition in the form of the Academy Statuette shall be given for the set decoration of the production receiving an award for achievement in art direction.

Nine

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE CINEMATOGRAPHY AWARD

1. A reminder list of all eligible pictures shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all members of the Academy Cinematographers Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions.
2. The five productions receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Cinematography Award.
3. In accordance with General Rule Six, Paragraph 2, only principal position credit(s) shall be considered eligible for the Cinematography Award.
4. Final voting for the Cinematography Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Ten

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE COSTUME DESIGN AWARD

1. A reminder list of all eligible pictures shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all costume designer members of the Academy Art Directors Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions.
2. To be eligible for the Costume Design Award, the costumes for the picture must have been conceived by a costume designer. It is the intention of this rule to recognize the designing of costumes for their special use in motion pictures. Eligibility shall be determined by the costume designer members of the Art Directors Branch present at a meeting called specifically for that purpose prior to the mailing of nominations ballots.
3. The five productions receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Costume Design Award.
4. Final voting for the Costume Design Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Eleven

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE DIRECTING AWARD

1. A reminder list of all eligible pictures shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all members of the Academy Directors Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions.
2. The five productions receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Directing Award.
3. Final voting for the Directing Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Twelve

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE DOCUMENTARY AWARDS

1. Definition
   1. A documentary film is defined as a non-fiction motion picture dealing creatively with cultural, artistic, historical, social, scientific, economic or other subjects. It may be photographed in actual occurrence or may employ partial re-enactment, stock footage, stills, animation, stop-motion or other techniques, as long as the emphasis is on factual content and not on fiction.
   2. A film considered to be primarily a promotional film, a purely technical instructional film or an essentially unfiltered record of a performance will not be considered eligible as a documentary.
2. Categories
   1. The Documentary Awards are divided into two categories:
      1. Documentary Feature—films more than 40 minutes in running time, and
      2. Documentary Short Subject—films 40 minutes or less (including credits) in running time.
3. Eligibility
   1. To be eligible, the film’s submitted format must be a composite film print in 16mm, 35mm, 70mm, IMAX, Showscan or certain other accepted formats requiring special presentation. Significant dialogue or narration must be in English, or the film must have English subtitles.
   2. In accordance with Article VIII of the Academy Bylaws, films considered for Academy Award must be “first publicly exhibited for paid admission in a commercial motion picture theater.” The following definition of an Academy Sanctioned Theatrical Release further defines this directive as regards documentary films:
      1. The film must be publicly exhibited (within two years of the film’s completion date) for paid admission in a commercial motion picture theater in either Los Angeles County or the Borough of Manhattan for a run of a [sic] least seven consecutive days between November 1, 1996, and October 31, 1997. All screenings of the film must begin between 10:00 AM and midnight.
      2. The Academy documentary office requires the submission of the viewing schedule before the exhibition run begins; and, upon completion of the run, a letter of validation from the exhibitor must be filed with the Academy office (not later than October 31).
      3. Public notification of exhibition [also stipulated in the Academy Bylaws] will be required in the form of paid advertising on the film page of a major newspaper. The ad copy must contain the title and screening times, and be clearly readable. It may either stand alone or appear in combination with the title of another film playing on the same bill.
   3. Documentary films intended for television release will not be excluded from consideration as long as they meet the following additional conditions:
      1. No television airing shall occur any time within the six months following the first day of the qualifying run. Any documentary which is aired anywhere as a television program within that period will automatically be disqualified from award eligibility.
      2. Only individual documentary films will be considered eligible. This excludes from consideration episodes extracted from a larger theme series, and segments taken from a single “composite” program.
4. Submission
   1. The film print submitted to the Academy must be identical in content and length to the publicly exhibited print. All submissions must be accompanied by a synopsis of the film’s subject written in English, as well as other credit information. These materials should be marked “Documentary Entry” and shipped PREPAID to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 8949 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, CA 90211-1972.
   2. THE DEADLINE FOR RECEIVING THE ENTRY FORM, SYNOPSIS, CREDIT LIST, FILMOGRAPHIES AND STILLS IS OCTOBER 1, 1997. THE DEADLINE FOR RECEIVING THE FILM PRINT AND PROOF OF QUALIFYING EXHIBITION IS OCTOBER 31, 1997. FOREIGN ENTRIES MUST ALSO COMPLY WITH THIS RULE.
   3. Academy Bylaws (Article VIII, Section 6.) state that “Every award shall be conditioned upon the delivery to the Academy of one print of every film nominated for final balloting . . . such print shall become the property of the Academy, with the proviso, however, that the Academy shall not use such print for commercial gain.” The submitted prints will be retained by the Academy until the voting process is completed and will not be loaned to anyone outside the Academy during the voting process. Films not chosen as nominations for final balloting, as well as those found to be ineligible in this categOlY, will be returned to the sender at Academy expense. THE ACADEMY WILL RETAIN FOR ITS ARCHIVES EVERY PRINT CHOSEN AS A NOMINATION FOR FINAL BALLOTING ON THE DOCUMENTARY AWARDS.
   4. Receipt of a documentary film award statuette shall be limited to two persons in each category, each of whom must have a producer and/or director credit on the screen. Production companies or persons with screen credits of executive producer, co-producer, associate producer, produced in association with, or any credit other than that of producer or director, shall not receive nominations or awards.
   5. Films submitted for Documentary Awards consideration may also qualify for Academy Awards in other categories if they meet the specified requirements. However, documentaries may not qualify for the Best Foreign Language Film Award or Best Short Films categories, nor will any film submitted for documentary awards be eligible for consideration in any category in subsequent awards years.
5. Voting
   1. All eligible documentaries will be screened in theaters, in their entirety, for viewing groups. These groups will be drawn from the entire active and life Academy membership each year on a volunteer basis.
   2. Nominations will be determined by an averaged point system of voting, i.e., 10, 9, 8, 7 or 6. There may be not more than five nor fewer than three nominations in each category. Final voting shall be restricted to active and life Academy members who have viewed all of the nominated achievements in one or both categories.
   3. A Documentary Executive Committee, appointed each year, shall determine and resolve all questions of eligibility or submissions for that year. Additional or altered viewing procedures may be issued to accommodate such annual factors as the number of entries, total viewing hours, size of viewing groups, available venues, or other considerations.

Thirteen

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE FILM EDITING AWARD

1. A reminder list of all eligible pictures shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all members of the Academy Film Editors Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions.
2. The five productions receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Film Editing Award.
3. In accordance with General Rule Six, Paragraph 2, only principal position credit(s) shall be considered eligible for the Film Editing Award.
4. Final voting for the Film Editing Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Fourteen

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE BEST FOREIGN LANGUAGE FILM AWARD

1. This award (Academy Statuette) will be given for the best feature-length motion picture produced with a basically non-English dialogue track, first released in the country of origin between November 1, 1996 and October 31, 1997, and first publicly shown in a commercial theater for the profit of the producer and exhibitor. The picture need not have been released in the United States. The print submitted for award consideration must be identical in form with the final version in general release in the country of origin. Also, the submitting country must certify that creative talent of that country exercised artistic control of the film. Dialogue track must be predominantly in a language of the country of origin except when the story mandates that an additional non-English language be predominant. Accurate English subtitles are required. The Academy has the right to make the final determination in questions of eligibility.
2. Every country shall be invited to submit its best film to the Academy. Selection of the best picture from each country shall be made by one organization, jury or committee which should include artists and/or craftspeople from the field of motion pictures. Only one picture will be accepted from each country.
3. The Academy will provide official entry forms to the proper committee in each country so that the producer of the film selected can supply full information on his or her picture. All questions on the forms should be answered as fully as possible.
4. The official entry forms, together with a cast and credits list, a synopsis in English and any other fact sheets available, must be received in the Academy office not later than Monday, November 3, 1997.
5. Prints should be shipped prepaid as early as possible as the Academy cannot accept pictures for award consideration later than Monday, November 17, 1997. Prints submitted will be retained by the Academy until the voting process is completed and will not be loaned for use by others during the period of the voting process. Those films not chosen as nominations for final balloting will be returned to the sender at Academy expense.
6. All foreign film s sent to the Academy will be screened by the Academy oreign [sic] Language Film Award Committee. After the screenings, the committee will vote by secret ballot to nominate five foreign language pictures for this award. The statuette will be awarded to the picture and accepted by the director on behalf of the film’s creative talents.
7. Final voting for the Foreign Language Film Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members who have attended Academy screenings, or other exhibition, of all five films nominated for the award.
8. “Every award shall be conditioned upon the delivery to the Academy of one print of every film nominated for final balloting for all Academy Awards, and such print shall become the property of the Academy, with the proviso, however, that the Academy shall not use such print for commercial gain. Such print shall be deposited with the Academy and, subject to matters not within its control, screened by the Academy for the membership in advance of distribution of final ballots.” (Academy Bylaws, Article VIII, Section 6.) The Academy will retain for its archives every print chosen as a nomination for final balloting on the Foreign Language Film Award.
9. Films submitted for Best Foreign Language Film Award consideration may also qualify for Academy Awards in other categories, but not the Best Documentary Feature Award, provided they meet the requirements of the special rules governing those other categories. In order to qualify for other categories, the films must be publicly exhibited by means of 35mm or 70mm film for paid admission (previews excluded) in a commercial motion picture theater in Los Angeles County between January 1, 1997 and midnight of December 31, 1997 for a run of at least seven consecutive days after an opening prior to midnight of December 31st. Films submitted for Best Foreign Language Film Award consideration shall not be eligible for Academy Award consideration in any category in any subsequent awards year.

Fifteen

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE MAKEUP AWARD

1. The Academy President shall appoint a chairman of the Makeup Award Rules Committee from the makeup artist members of the Academy; also, two Governors of the Academy shall be appointed to this committee, one from the Art Directors Branch and one from the Cinematographers Branch. The Makeup Award Screening Committee shall be formed from active and life members of the Academy, among them: makeup artists, hair stylists, art directors, cinematographers and others who are qualified and recognized experts in the field of makeup technology.
2. There are three options under these rules.
   1. A Special Achievement Award for Makeup may be made by the Board of Governors upon recommendation of the Makeup Award Screening Committee.
   2. If the committee finds that two productions, but not more than three productions, are deserving of its recommendation, those shall be placed on the final ballot as nominated achievements to be voted upon by all active and life members of the Academy.
   3. The committee may also recommend to the Board of Governors that no award be made in a given year.
3. Makeup, as an achievement or a craft, shall be determined by the Makeup Award Rules Committee. Makeup is any change in the appearance of a performer’s face, or hair, or body created by the application of cosmetics, three-dimensional materials, prosthetic appliances or wigs and hairpieces, applied directly to the performer’s face or body. When the hairstyles and/or hair effects contribute greatly to the appearance and effect of the characters, the hairstylist most responsible for the hair design work may be included in the Makeup Award. This shall be at the discretion of the Makeup Award Rules Committee.
4. Makeup artist and hair stylist members of the Academy shall attend a meeting (or meetings) to review a reminder list of all eligible motion pictures. Secret ballots shall be cast to select a maximum of seven productions to be considered for the Makeup Award. Twenty percent (20%) of the eligible voters shall constitute a quorum for the selection of achievements to be taken under consideration.
5. The producers of the films selected for award consideration (or the directors of those films) shall provide the committee with the name of the makeup artist and/or hairstylist of credit principally responsible for the achievement in each of the productions. In rare exceptions, and only when approved by the Makeup Award Rules Committee, more than one individual may be considered as having contributed equally to a single achievement. It is the intention of these rules to recognize the achievement of person(s)—not to exceed three in number—responsible for the required look of the live performers in a motion picture.
6. Eligibility of the contributor(s) to the makeup achievement, for nomination purposes, shall be determined by the Makeup Award Rules Committee no later than one week prior to the Makeup Award Screening Committee voting screening (paragraph 8 below).
7. The producers (or the directors) shall also be requested to provide the committee with film excerpts of selected scenes showing the makeup achievements. Excerpts shall be from composite prints of the final re lease versions of the productions and shall not exceed ten minutes in total running time.
8. The Makeup Award Screening Committee shall meet to screen the film excerpts and vote on the achievements. Producers of the productions under consideration (or their representatives) may attend the voting screening if they so choose.
9. Immediately after the screening of excerpts and discussion relative to them, voting shall be conducted as follows:
   1. A ballot, listing the productions in their running order (which shall have been determined by lot) shall be distributed to the committee. All members must mark a score of 10, 9, 8, 7 or 6 opposite each of the achievements.
   2. A maximum of three productions achieving the highest average point score of 8.0 or more may be nominated for the Makeup Award.
   3. If, as a result of this balloting, only one production achieves an average point score of 8.0 or more, the committee shall recommend to the Board of Governors that a Special Achievement Award for Makeup be made to that production.
   4. If no production receives an average point score of 8.0 or more, the committee shall recommend to the Board of Governors that, in its opinion, no award for achievement in makeup should be made that year.
10. Such other rules or modifications as may be necessary for the proper conduct of this award shall be adopted by the Makeup Award Committee, subject to the approval of the Academy Board of Governors.

Sixteen

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE MUSIC AWARDS

1. CATEGORIES
   
   
   I. Original Dramatic Score

   (This category includes serious dramatic and action score submissions.)

   An original dramatic score is a substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring originating with the submitting composer.

   II. Original Musical or Comedy Score

   (This category includes original musicals, as well as scores from comedies, light romances and most animated features.)

   1. An Original Musical may contain a “song score” and may also contain an “orchestral score.”
      1. The “song score” portion of a musical consists of not fewer than five original songs (as defined in A.lII. below), written specifically for the film, and by the same writer or team of writers, used either as voice-overs or visually performed. The song score’s chief emphasis must be the dramatic usage of these songs. An arbitrary group of songs unessential to the story line of the film will not be considered a valid song score.
      2. The “orchestral score” portion of the musical (defined in A.I. above) may be eligible along with the “song score” (as one achievement) if it meets all the criteria of an eligible score. Any adapter(s) may be eligible along with the writer(s) of the songs if the adaptation is substantial and includes creative compositional techniques.
   2. An Original Comedy Score must meet the same requirements as in A.I. above, applied to light or comedic films.
   III. Original Song

   An original song consists of words and music, both of which are original, written specifically for the film. There must be a clearly audible, intelligible, substantive rendition (not necessarily visual) of both lyric and melody in the film.

2. ELIGIBILITY
   1. The work must be created specifically for an eligible feature-length motion picture.
   2. The measure of the work’s qualification shall be its effectiveness, craftsmanship, creative substance and relevance to the dramatic whole.
   3. The work must be recorded for use in the film prior to any other usage, including public performance or exploitation through any of the media whatsoever.
   4. Only the principal composer or song writer(s) responsible for the conception and execution of the work as a whole shall be eligible for an award. This expressly excludes from eligibility all of the following:
      1. supervisors
      2. partial contributors (e.g., any writer not responsible for the overall design of the work)
      3. contributors working on speculation
      4. scores diluted by the use of tracked or pre-existing music and
      5. scores diminished in impact by the predominant use of songs.
      6. scores assembled from the music of more than one composer.
   5. The Executive Committee shall resolve all rules interpretations, all questions of eligibility, and all questions of category classification.
   6. It is within the sole and confidential discretion of the Board of Governors to determine what awards, if any, shall be given.
3. SUBMISSIONS
   1. For an achievement to be eligible for nomination in any of the three music categories, an OFFICIAL SUBMISSION FORM, obtainable from the Academy, must be requested personally by the principal writer(s) who alone may make the submission.
   2. The submission form must be accompanied by a Music Cue Sheet, Vocal Lead Sheets (in the Original Musical and Original Song categories), and the signatures of all submitting writers.
   3. Submissions may be made prior to the qualifying Los Angeles release opening, but must be made no later than sixty days after such opening, or December 1st, whichever comes first.
   4. The Executive Committee has the right, but not the obligation, to initiate submissions in all three categories, but must do so no later than noon of December 31.
4. VOTING
   1. A reminder list of works submitted in each category shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all members of the Academy Music Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five achievements in each category.
   2. The five achievements in each category receiving the highest number of votes will become the nominations for final voting for the Music Awards.
   3. If there are 25 or fewer qualified works submitted in any category, the Executive Committee may recommend to the Board of Governors that nominations be limited to three. If there are four or fewer qualifying works submitted in any category, the Executive Committee may recommend to the Board of Governors that no award be given in that category this year.
   4. The entire active and life Academy membership shall vote for final selections in each category: ORIGINAL DRAMATIC SCORE, ORIGINAL MUSICAL or COMEDY SCORE and ORIGINAL SONG.

Seventeen

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE BEST PICTURE OF THE YEAR AWARD

1. A reminder list of all eligible pictures shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all active and life members of the Academy who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions.
2. The five pictures receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Best Picture Award.
3. The individual(s) who shall be credited for Academy Award purposes shall be the person(s) having screen credit as producer or produced by. Persons with screen credits of executive producer, co-producer, associate producer, produced in association with, or any other credit, shal1 not receive Academy Statuettes.
4. Final voting for the Best Picture Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Eighteen

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS

1. Academy Awards for scientific and technical achievement shall be made by the Board of Governors upon recommendation of the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee. Awards may be given for devices, methods, formulas, discoveries or inventions of special and outstanding value to the arts and sciences of motion pictures and employed in the motion picture industry during the awards year. Posthumous awards for achievements in prior years will not be voted in this category.
2. The Academy President shall annually appoint outstanding representatives of the motion picture and technical fields to serve on the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee. The committee will be dissolved upon the completion of its annual term.
3. Awards for scientific and technical achievement may be granted in any of the three following classifications:

   ACADEMY AWARD OF MERIT (Academy Statuette)
   For basic achievements which have a definite influence upon the advancement of the industry.

   SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING AWARD (Academy Plaque)
   For those achievements which exhibit a high level of engineering and are important to the progress of the industry.

   TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD (Academy Certificate)
   For those accomplishments which contribute to the progress of the industry.

4. The committee shall endeavor to acquaint itself with all motion picture scientific and technical achievements of the awards year. To assist the committee, letters shall be sent to individuals and organizations engaged in scientific and technical developments for motion pictures, requesting that they submit any information they may have regarding achievements which may have been developed in their own or any other organizations.
5. A list of all achievements being considered shall be widely publicized to permit anyone with claims of prior art or with devices similar to those under consideration to bring them to the attention of the committee.
6. The committee shall then conduct a series of meetings and examinations and, when feasible, shall arrange for such demonstrations as are necessary to evaluate the achievements properly and make recommendations for action by the Board of Governors.
7. In evaluating the submitted achievements, the committee shall strive to seek out other items similar to those being considered for awards. If such items are discovered, they may be considered on an equal basis.
8. Where achievements are covered by patents, the committee shall request that copies of the patent be made available to it. If a patent is pending, the date of filing and names of authors must be submitted.
9. Full claim for originality and development of each achievement must be established to the satisfaction of the committee. If any controversy should arise as to the origin or authorship of an achievement, the committee may request that the Academy Board of Governors postpone action until proper credit shall have been established.
10. The committee may appoint subcommittees for each technical classification in which there are achievements to be considered. The chairman of each subcommittee shall be one of the members of the subcommittee and shall conduct its meetings and discussions.
11. Each subcommittee shall consider all achievements in its field. The subcommittees shall not make recommendations as to award classifications on the achievements, but shall evaluate them by completing prepared questionnaires. Those evaluations shall be forwarded to the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee.
12. All voting by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee shall be done by secret ballot. Committee members may voluntarily abstain from voting on any item. All decisions as to award recommendations and classifications shall require a two-thirds majority vote of those present and voting. Members of the committee having a personal connection with any achievement shall not be present during discussion of that achievement except by invitation of the chairman. Members of the committee who do not have a personal connection with the achievement but who are affiliated with the organization responsible for the achievement may be present at the discussion and voting at the discretion of the chairman, but may not vote on the achievement.
13. The committee shall recommend to the Academy Board of Governors the person(s) and/or organization(s) to whom an award shall be made, the type of award and the text thereof. The committee shall carefully evaluate all information regarding actual authorship of each item being considered for an award and shall, at its sole discretion, identify the individual(s) and/or organization(s) to be recognized.
14. In recommending awards, the committee will judge to the best of its ability the scientific and technical merits of the achievements, but does not warrant that the person or persons named are responsible for the origin or development of the achievement named in the award.
15. It shall be within the discretion of the committee to recommend no awards if, in its judgment, there have been no achievements worthy of recognition. It shall also be within the discretion of the committee, but only on its own motion, to review any Academy Award conferred for scientific and technical achievement to determine whether the classification of such achievement should be elevated by reason of its contribution to the arts and sciences of motion pictures subsequent to the granting of such award, and to recommend elevation in classification to the Academy Board of Governors.
16. Such other rules as may be considered necessary for the proper conduct of these awards shall be adopted by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee, subject to the approval of the Academy Board of Governors.

Nineteen

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE SHORT FILMS AWARDS

1. An award shall be given for the best achievement in each of two classifications:

   Animated Films

   An animated film usually falls into one of two general fields of animation: character or abstract. Some of the techniques of animating films include cel animation, computer animation, stop-motion, clay animation, puppets, pixilation, cutouts, pins, camera multiple pass imagery, kaleidoscopic effects and drawing on the film frame itself.

   Live Action Films

   A live action film utilizes primarily live action techniques as the basic medium of entertainment.

2. DOCUMENTARY SHORT SUBJECTS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED IN EITHER CATEGORY.
3. To be eligible for award consideration for the 1997 awards year, a short film must fulfill (within two years of the film ’s completion date) one of the following criteria between December 1, 1996 and November 30, 1997:
   1. The film must have been publicly exhibited for paid admission in a commercial motion picture theater in Los Angeles County for a run of at least three consecutive days (no fewer than two screenings a day). Student films cannot qualify in this manner.
      
      OR
   2. The film must have participated in a “recognized” competitive film festival and MUST HAVE WON THE BEST-IN-CATEGORY AWARD. Proof of award must be submitted with the film print. “Recognized” competitive film festivals comprise those established film festivals on the Academy’s Short Films Awards Festival List which may be obtained from the Academy.
4. A student film may qualify only under 3(b) above or by winning a Gold Medal Award in the Academy’s Annual Student Academy Awards competition of 1997 (excluding the documentary category), provided it meets the length requirement. However, any student filmmaker submitting a film for consideration in the Short Films Awards categories may not subsequently enter the same film in the Student Academy Awards competition.
5. Only one entry in each classification will be accepted from each producer, or each identical producing team.
6. No film may be submitted more than once for Academy Award consideration.
7. Short films in either category must be composite prints in 16mm, 35mm or 70mm and may not be more than 40 minutes in running time (including credits). However, formats requiring special technical presentation (such as IMAX, Omnimax, Showscan, etc.) will be given consideration. Dialogue or narration must be substantially in English or the film must have English subtitles. The print submitted for Academy Award consideration must be identical in content and length to the print utilized for the qualifying exhibition. Previews and advertising films shall be excluded. A sequence from a feature-length film (an animated credit sequence, e.g.) may not be excerpted and submitted as a short film. All entries submitted must include a synopsis of the film written in English.
8. The deadline for receiving the entry form, synopsis, cast and credits list, filmographies and stills is Monday, November 3, 1997. The deadline for receiving the film print and proof of qualifying exhibition or award is Monday, December 1, 1997. Foreign entries must also comply with this rule.
9. Prints should be marked “SHORT FILM ENTRY” and shipped prepaid to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 8949 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, California 90211. Those not chosen as nominations for final balloting will be returned to the sender at Academy expense. Prints submitted will be retained by the Academy until the voting process is completed and will not be loaned for use by others during the period of the voting process.
10. A Reviewing Committee, consisting of volunteer active and life members of the Short Films and Feature Animation Branch, will view all films entered and mark all entries 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 or 5 with the guidelines of 10 (excellent), 8 (good), 6 (fair) or 5 (poor). Not more than ten films in each category receiving the highest average numerical scores above 7.5 shall be considered further. In the event that fewer than six films receive average numerical scores of 7.5 or more, those with the next highest average numerical scores of 7.5 or less shall be included until six films are selected.
11. All entries selected by the Reviewing Committee shall be screened by the Branch Nominating Committee consisting of all active members of the Academy Short Films and Feature Animation Branch. Those members of the Short Films and Feature Animation Branch who served on the Reviewing Committee and who viewed all the submitted films in either or both categories are entitled to receive ballots by mail. The running order of the subjects in each classification shall be determined by lot. The point system of voting, i.e., 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 or 5, is to be used at this screening to select nominations. Those films receiving an average score of 7.5 or more shall be eligible for nomination. However, there may not be more than five nor fewer than three nominations in each category.
12. Final voting for the Short Films Awards shall be restricted to active and life Academy members who may vote only for one film in each of the two classifications after official Academy screenings of the nominated achievements. However, those members of the Short Films and Feature Animation Branch who served on the Nominating Committee and who viewed all the nominated films are entitled to receive ballots by mail. When a non-standard format nominated film cannot be included in the official Academy voting screenings for its category, members must submit evidence of having seen that film elsewhere in order to vote in that category.
13. Excellence of the entries shall be judged on the basis of originality, entertainment and production quality without regard to cost of production or subject matter.
14. All technical and classification questions shall be resolved by the Executive Committee.
15. The recipient of the statuette will be the individual person most directly responsible for the concept and the creative execution of the film. In the event that more than one individual has been directly and importantly involved in creative decisions, a second statuette may be awarded. However, no more than two awards will be given to a winning production. In cases where more than two individuals claim major creative contributions, the copyright holder must decide which two will be eligible to receive Oscar statuettes and so inform the Academy. Companies or organized groups shall not receive nominations or awards.
16. “Every award shall be conditioned upon the delivery to the Academy of one print of every film nominated for final balloting for all Academy Awards, and such print shall become the property of the Academy, with the proviso, however, that the Academy shall not use such print for commercial gain. Such print shall be deposited with the Academy and, subject to matters not within its control, shall be screened by the Academy for the membership in advance of distribution of final ballots.” (Academy Bylaws, Article VIII, Section 6.) The Academy will retain for its archives every print chosen as a nomination for final balloting in each category of the Short Films Awards.

Twenty

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE SOUND AWARD

1. A reminder list of all eligible pictures shall be sent with a nominations ballot to all members of the Academy Sound Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions.
2. The five productions receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Sound Award.
3. The talents of the rerecording mixers on a panel (not to exceed three) and the production mixer will be judged as contributing equally to a sound track achievement. On an Official Data Record supplied by the Academy, the producer and the sound director shall designate the eligibility of the co-rerecording mixing collaborators (not to exceed three) who have contributed substantially to the final mix, and the production mixer (not to exceed one) for Academy Award purposes.
4. In the event of a credits dispute, the nomination eligibility for the Sound Award shall be determined by the Sound Branch Executive Committee.
5. Following a review of the Official Data Records, determination of nomination eligibility shall be the responsibility of the Academy, as provided in General Rule Six.
6. The Theater Sound Inspection Committee shall inspect and approve the projection sound system of the Academy’s theater at least four weeks prior to the annual screening of nominated achievements. No changes may be made in the sound system after final approval by the committee. Any production that deviates from the normal sound system, or requires modification of the system, must be approved by a majority of the committee before the final check of the system. Notification of such deviation or modification requirements must be submitted to the Academy at least three weeks in advance of the inspection and approval of the sound system. Any composite release print that plays on the normal projection sound system of the Academy’s theater requires no special approval of the committee.
7. Before screening films nominated for the Sound Award, representatives of the pictures to be shown may run a maximum of two contiguous reels of their pictures to audition them. At the actual screenings, films will be run at the Academy Standard sound level.
8. Final voting for the Sound Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Twenty-one

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE SOUND EFFECTS EDITING AWARD

1. The Academy President shall instruct the Sound Editor Governor to chair the Sound Effects Editing Award Committee, comprised of all sound editor members of the Academy and all members of the Sound Branch Executive Committee.
2. There are three options under these rules.
   1. A Special Achievement Award for Sound Effects Editing may be made by the Board of Governors upon recommendation of the Sound Effects Editing Award Committee.
   2. If the committee finds that two productions, but not more than three productions, are deserving of its recommendations, those shall be placed on the final ballot as nominated achievements to be voted upon by all active and life members of the Academy.
   3. The Sound Effects Editing Award Committee may also recommend to the Board of Governors that no award be made in a given year.
3. A reminder list of all eligible productions shall be sent with a ballot to all sound editor members of the Academy Sound Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions. The seven productions receiving the highest number of votes from this initial balloting shall be the achievements to be considered further for the Sound Effects Editing Award.
4. Eligibility for this award shall be limited to the Supervising Sound Editor principally responsible for (and directly involved in) the planning, creation, supervision and execution of the sound effects editing for each achievement. This includes sound effects, foley effects, background ambiances, dialogue editing and ADR. The producers or directors of the films selected for award consideration (or their designees) shall verify for the committee the name of the Supervising Sound Editor. In rare exceptions, and only when approved by the Sound Effects Editing Award Rules Committee, a maximum of two Supervising Sound Editors may be considered as being principally responsible for a Single achievement.
5. Nomination eligibility of the Supervising Sound Editor(s) responsible for the achievement shall be determined by the Sound Effects Editing Award Rules Committee.
6. The producers or directors (or their designees) shall also be requested to provide the committee with film excerpts of selected scenes from composite prints in the same sound format as that in which the film was commercially released in Los Angeles County and in accordance with General Rule One, paragraph l. Double system or picture-and-track excerpts will be accepted only when a film was originally released in this format. Excerpts from each production shall not exceed ten minutes in total running time.
7. The Sound Effects Editing Award Committee shall meet to screen the film excerpts and vote on the achievements. All film excerpts will be run at the Academy Standard sound level. Producers and directors of the productions under consideration (or their representatives) may attend the meeting at the option of the committee.
8. Following the screening of film excerpts, voting shall be conducted as follows:
   1. A ballot, listing the productions under consideration in their running order, shall be distributed to all voting members who must mark a score of 10, 9, 8, 7 or 6 opposite each of the achievements. This point system shall represent a rating of 10 for the highest level on the scale of achievement.
   2. If two productions, but not more than three productions, receive an average score of 8.0 or more, they shall be the achievements nominated for the Sound Effects Editing Award.
   3. If only one production receives an average score of 8.0 or more, the committee shall recommend to the Board of Governors that a Special Achievement Award for Sound Effects Editing be made to that production. The committee shall provide the Board with a written description of the sound effects editing achievement.
   4. If none of the productions receives an average score of 8.0 or more, the committee shall recommend to the Board of Governors that no award be made for achievement in sound effects editing that year.
9. Such other rules or modifications as may be considered necessary for the proper conduct of this award shall be adopted by the Sound Effects Editing Award Rules Committee, subject to the approval of the Academy Board of Governors.

Twenty-two

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE VISUAL EFFECTS AWARD

1. The Academy President shall appoint a chairman who will form a committee from active and life members from the Visual Effects Branch. An executive committee on rules, a steering committee and a nominating committee shall constitute the Visual Effects Award Committee.
2. The Visual Effects Branch Executive Committee shall select members of a Steering Committee from members of the Visual Effects Branch to review a reminder list of all eligible motion pictures and shall cast secret ballots to select a maximum of seven productions for further consideration. Achievements shall be judged within the parameters defined by the Visual Effects Branch Executive Committee and on the basis of:
   1. consideration of the contribution the visual effects make to the overall production and
   2. the artistry, skill and fidelity with which the visual illusions are achieved.
3. The producers of the films selected for award consideration (or their designees) shall be requested to provide the committee with:
   1. written descriptions explaining the procedures used to create the effects,
   2. film excerpts from composite release prints—not to exceed fifteen minutes (1,350 feet) in total running time—showing the effects described and
   3. the names and titles of the primary individuals—not to exceed four in number—directly involved with, and principally responsible for, the visual effects achieved and a description of their contributions. Additional names will not be considered.
4. Visual Effects, as an achievement or a craft, shall be determined by the Visual Effects Branch Executive Committee. Eligibility of the contributor(s) to the achievement, for nomination purposes, shall be determined by the Visual Effects Branch Executive Committee.
5. Qualified active members of the Visual Effects Branch will be eligible to serve on the Visual Effects Award Nominating Committee and shall attend a meeting to view the film excerpts and vote upon the achievements. Written descriptions of the effects shall be sent to the committee prior to the meeting.
6. The producers (or their designees) may assign qualified representatives to attend the meeting of the nominating committee.
7. Following the running of film excerpts and discussion relative to the achievements, voting shall be conducted as follows:
   1. A ballot shall be cast by all members of the Visual Effects Nominating Committee present, who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than three of the seven productions.
   2. The three productions receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Visual Effects Award.
   3. Final voting for the Visual Effects Award shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.
8. Such other rules or procedures necessary for the proper conduct of this award shall be adopted by the Visual Effects Branch Executive Committee, subject to the approval of the Academy Board of Governors.

Twenty-three

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE WRITING AWARDS

1. An award shall be given for the best achievement in each of two categories:

   Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published

   Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen

2. A reminder list of all pictures eligible in each category shall be sent with nominations ballots to all members of the Academy Writers Branch who shall vote in the order of their preference for not more than five productions in each category.
3. The five productions in each category receiving the highest number of votes shall become the nominations for final voting for the Writing Awards.
4. Final voting for the Writing Awards shall be restricted to active and life Academy members.

Twenty-four

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE IRVING G. THALBERG MEMORIAL AWARD

1. Nominations for the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award shall be made at a special meeting of the Board of Governors. Consideration for this award shall be limited to creative producers whose bodies of work reflect a consistently high quality of motion picture production.
2. Following completion of the nominations for this award, a secret ballot shall be taken on which the Governors vote for the nominee of their preference. The nominee receiving the highest numerical score shall be considered further in a second secret ballot to determine if this award shall be given. If the candidate receives a vote of two-thirds of the Governors present, he or she shall receive the Thalberg Award.
3. No proxies shall be permitted in balloting for the Thalberg Award.
4. No individual shall be eligible to receive the Thalberg Award more than once.
5. The Thalberg Award shall not be voted posthumously.
6. No member of the Board of Governors shall be eligible to receive the Thalberg Award while serving as a member of the Board.

Twenty-five

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE JEAN HERSHOLT HUMANITARIAN AWARD

1. Nominations for the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award shall be made at a special meeting of the Board of Governors. Consideration for this award shall be limited to an individual in the motion picture industry whose humanitarian efforts have brought credit to the industry.
2. Balloting for the Hersholt Award shall be conducted in the same manner as in Rule Twenty-four, Paragraph 2.
3. No proxies shall be permitted in balloting for the Hersholt Award.
4. No individual shall be eligible to receive the Hersholt Award more than once.
5. The Hersholt Award shall not be voted posthumously.
6. No member of the Board of Governors shall be eligible to receive the Hersholt Award while serving as a member of the Board.

Twenty-six

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE GORDON E. SAWYER AWARD

1. Nominations for the Gordon E. Sawyer Award shall be made at a special meeting of the Board of Governors. Consideration for this award shall be limited to an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry.
2. Balloting for the Sawyer Award shall be conducted in the same manner as in Rule Twenty-four, Paragraph 2.
3. No proxies shall be permitted in balloting for the Sawyer Award.
4. No individual shall be eligible to receive the Sawyer Award more than once.
5. The Sawyer Award shall not be voted posthumously.
6. No member of the Board of Governors shall be eligible to receive the Sawyer Award while serving as a member of the Board.

70th Annual Awards - 1997 Calendar Year
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

ANNUAL AWARDS

AWARD	NOMINATIONS BALLOTING		FINAL BALLOTING
	MAXIMUM NUMBER OF NOMINATIONS	NOMINATING GROUPS
ACTOR IN A LEADING ROLE ACTOR IN A SUPPORTING ROLE ACTRESS IN A LEADING ROLE ACTRESS IN A SUPPORTING ROLE	5 5 5 5	Academy Actors Branch Members.
ART DIRECTION	5	All Members of the Academy Art Directors Branch except Costume Designers.
CINEMATOGRAPHY	5	Academy Cinematographers Branch Members.
COSTUME DESIGN	5	Costume Designer Members of the Academy Art Directors Branch.
DIRECTING	5	Academy Directors Branch Members.
DOCUMENTARY AWARDS:   FEATURES   SHORT SUBJECTS	5 5	Documentary Awards Screening Committee.
FILM EDITING	5	Academy Film Editors Branch Members.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE FILM	5	Foreign Language Film Award Committee.
MAKEUP	3	Makeup Award Committee.*
MUSIC:   (I) ORIGINAL DRAMATIC SCORE   (II) ORIGINAL MUSICAL OR         COMEDY SCORE   (III)  ORIGINAL SONG	5 5 5	Academy Music Branch Members.
BEST PICTURE	5	All Active and Life Academy Members.
SHORT FILMS:   ANIMATED FILMS   LIVE ACTION FILMS	5 5	Academy Short Films Branch Members.
SOUND	5	Academy Sound Branch Members.
SOUND EFFECTS EDITING	3	Sound Effects Editing Award Committee.*
VISUAL EFFECTS	3	Visual Effects Award Nominating Committee.
WRITING:   SCREENPLAY BASED ON     MATERIAL PREVIOUSLY     PRODUCED OR PUBLISHED   SCREENPLAY WRITTEN     DIRECTLY FOR THE SCREEN	5 5	Academy Writers Branch Members.

OTHER AWARDS

SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL AWARDS	Voted by Board of Governors based on recommendations of the Scientific or Technical Awards Committee.
SPECIAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS IRVING G. THALBERG MEMORIAL AWARD JEAN HERSHOLT HUMANITARIAN AWARD GORDON E. SAWYER AWARD HONORARY AWARDS	Voted by Board of Governors.

* In the event there are fewer than two nominations, a Special Achievement Award may be voted by the Board of Governors.